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Integration, Information Exposure and Security-Relevant Vulnerability Indicators among Legally Resident International Students from Selected Post-Soviet Countries in Poland: An Exploratory Single-Institution Study
Bożena Iwanowska
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1331-2866Yan Kapranov
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2915-038XTomasz Wyczawski
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9329-1350Mariusz Dudek
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7316-0617Abstract
RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: The study examines how integration gaps and information-environment exposure relate to security-relevant vulnerability indicators among legally resident international students from selected post-Soviet/CIS countries at a private university in Warsaw. Nationality, religion, ethnicity and legal status are not treated as risk categories.
THE RESEARCH PROBLEM AND METHODS: The study asks how integration gaps are linked to vulnerability indicators in a university setting. It is based on fieldwork conducted between October 2024 and April 2025: 400 questionnaires, 300 valid survey responses, 186 qualitative follow-up cases and 11 expert interviews. Quantitative data were analysed descriptively and through cross-tabulations; qualitative material was analysed thematically.
THE PROCESS OF ARGUMENTATION: The article connects integration, social embeddedness, information exposure and vulnerability indicators, then presents findings according to the research problems.
RESEARCH RESULTS: The findings show varied integration trajectories. Weaker social embeddedness, limited Polish-language use, perceived exclusion and narrow social or informational environments appeared as vulnerability indicators. A coded subset expressed polarising geopolitical framings, treated as vulnerability signals rather than evidence of criminal intent, extremist affiliation or collective threat status.
CONCLUSIONS, INNOVATIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS: The article treats integration, institutional trust and information-environment resilience as preventive variables in higher education. It recommends language support, anti-discrimination procedures, media literacy, counselling and peer integration. The findings are limited to one institutional case.
Keywords
national security ; CIS students ; integration gap ; radicalization vulnerability ; foreign influence
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