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Three “Ruptures” in Early Christian Political Thought with Classical Political Concepts
Bogdan Szlachta
Abstract
RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: To present three important and still consequence “ruptures” made by Christians with “classical” political concepts.
THE RESEARCH PROBLEM AND METHODS: In the course of the analysis of source texts and studies, it is shown what was the significance of reporting man, hitherto understood mainly in connection with the political community, to the personal God who goes beyond it, what was the significance of the establishment of the Church as a community of special provenance to be realized in the political community, and how the thinking about a normative order „higher” in relation to the law established by man was constituted.
THE PROCESS OF ARGUMENTATION: Christianity, sometimes considered as a potentially oppressive project, because it is based on the conviction about the ‘deposit of the Truth’ left by God in the Church governed by people who exclude and even persecute others, introduced many elements to political reflection, which still play an important role in the world that is reluctant to it.
RESEARCH RESULTS: The author presents remarks on three such elements: the “emancipation” of the individual from the political community considered to be “classical”, the situation of the Church as a special community established by God within the political community, and the indication of a normative order independent of the will and reason of man, which allows for the evaluation of the actions of the human legislator.
CONCLUSIONS, INNOVATIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS: The three “ruptures” of Christians with “classical” approaches discussed in the text had considerable consequences for the political thought developed in ancient Rome and after its fall; Their consequences can be traced in such diverse modern approaches as liberalism and conservatism.
Keywords
Christianity ; political community ; Kingdom of God ; Church
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