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Published : 2025-06-29
Vol. 16 No. 55 (2025)

The position of the European Union towards the procedure of blood diamonds in the light of the Russia-Ukraine war

Joanna Garlińska-Bielawska

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3473-2827

Agnieszka Pach-Gurgul

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1917-4679

DOI: https://doi.org/10.35765/hp.2740
Section: Thematic Articles

Abstract

RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: The scientific objective of this article is to address the following research questions: Whether and to what extent did the Kimberley Process contribute to the elimination of blood diamonds? Why were Russian diamonds given the status of “blood diamonds”? What are the European Union’s actions against the trade in Russian diamonds that could be one of the sources of funding for the Russian-Ukrainian war, and what is their effectiveness?

THE RESEARCH PROBLEM AND METHODS: “Blood diamonds,” also known as conflict diamonds, are rough diamonds used by rebel groups to finance armed conflicts. Traditionally, this term referred to diamonds originating from Africa. However, the outbreak of the Russia-Ukraine war has drawn attention to the possibility that this conflict may also be funded through diamond sales by Russia. To address the research problem, the study employed methods including critical literature analysis, descriptive statistics, tabular and descriptive techniques, as well as charts and synthesis of conclusions.

THE PROCESS OF ARGUMENTATION: Firstly, the phenomenon of blood diamonds in Africa is presented, then an attempt to respond to this international procedure in the form of the introduction of the Kimberley Process is presented. The next part analyzes the international diamond market. Finally, an attempt was made to estimate the amount of revenue to the Russian budget from the sale of diamonds by Alrosa.

RESEARCH RESULTS: The scientific analysis conducted proves that Russia is and has been the largest diamond producer in the world, and that the state-owned diamond mining companies Alrosa and Catoca contribute huge revenues to the budget of the Russian Federation.

CONCLUSIONS, INNOVATIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS: The analysis showed that the Kimberley Process significantly reduced the presence of blood diamonds from Africa in international trade. However, the financing of the Russia-Ukraine war, likely involving proceeds from Russian diamond sales...

Keywords

blood diamonds, Alrosa, Kimberley Process, diamond certification, Russia-Ukraine war



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