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HUGO KOŁŁĄTAJ’S CONCEPCTIONS OF THE CITIZENRY AND ECONOMY IN THE LIGHT OF J.G.A POCOCK’S EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY DICHOTOMIES
Abstract
RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the article is to analyse the politi cal conceptions of Hugo Kołłątaj through the lens of J.G.A. Pocock’s categories concerning the 18th century British political debate.
THE RESEARCH PROBLEM AND METHODS: Do Pocock’s dichoto mies, concerning different context of rhetoric and social preconditions, help to better classify Kołłątaj’s conceptions of political and economic ethics? Does Kołłątaj’s considerations on civic ethos reveal a similar unrest about the conse quences of the development of commerce, with its hopes and risks of income?
THE PROCESS OF ARGUMENTATION: Beginning with a critical sum mary of Pocock’s antinomies considering „virtue and commerce”, the article pro ceeds to a detailed analysis of Kołłątaj’s thought. With its references to Kołłataj’s morals and constitutionalism, the proposed analysis reconstructs his ideal of the citizen in an emerging era of commercial relations.
RESEARCH RESULTS: With its close to Locke theory of labour-based prop erty and republicanism, Kołłątaj’s thought offers a very holistic approach to morals, not anticipating a dualism of virtue and commerce. Yet, due to a more dichotomising Pocock-inspired analysis one can better understand some under statements of Kołłątaj’s discussion on new conomic classes’ patriotism.
CONCLUSIONS, INNOVATIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS: Demonstrating inconsistency of Pocock’s dichotomies with Kołłątaj’s moral argumentation, the article may leave us with two different suppositions. First, due to its less pre-capitalist relations, the Polish debate could not anticipate a more dramatic connotations of commerce for republicanism. Second, contrary to Pocock’s „dialectic”, itself strongly affected by the British political balances or compromises, less dichotomic attempts of aligning republicanism with the values of commerce should not be so easily excluded.
Keywords
J.G.A. Pocock ; Hugo Kołłątaj ; commerce ; civic virtue ; republicanism
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