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GENTE RUTHENUS, NATIONE POLONUS. UKRAINIAN YOUTH IN POLAND AFTER 2022 – IDENTITY, WAR, MIGRATION
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Abstract
RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: The aim of this article is to analyze the identity of young Ukrainians residing in Poland after the outbreak of Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022, taking into account historical, legal, educational, and social factors shaping their self-identification.
THE RESEARCH PROBLEM AND METHODS: The central research problem is how the identity of Ukrainian youth is being shaped under conditions of forced migration, war, and integration with Polish society. The study employs historical and scholarly source analysis, as well as qualitative research methods – including surveys and case studies conducted among young Ukrainians living in Kraków.
THE PROCESS OF ARGUMENTATION: The article traces the historical coexistence of the Polish and Ukrainian nations, identity-related conflicts of the 20th century, socio-political changes after 1991, and recent transformations driven by war and migration. It also examines the role of the Polish Card, education, and legalization mechanisms in shaping a sense of belonging.
RESEARCH RESULTS: The findings show the emergence of a multidimensional identity – combining Ukrainian heritage with European values and local integration. Respondents demonstrate a strong identification with Ukraine while simultaneously adapting to Polish realities.
CONCLUSIONS, INNOVATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: Rather than weakening national identity, the war has strengthened it. Poland is becoming a space for the development of a new form of migratory citizenship. The article recommends enhancing integration programs and adopting policies that recognize the cultural subjectivity of Ukrainian youth.
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