Abstract

RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: The article demonstrates the specificity of Greek myth as an important element of paideia.

THE RESEARCH PROBLEM AND METHODS: Contemporary interest in myth (Eliade, Malinowski, Durkheim, Dodds) has concentrated on anthropological, cultural or literary analyses. This has led to a narrow view of myth as a “fictional story”, unable to compete with rational knowledge. However, this is incompatible with the original Greek context, where myth was a part of political education, providing insight into human action. By analysing the works of philosophers, parallels are drawn between the role of myth and modern political education, focusing on the importance of activity, emotional involvement and cooperation. The paper takes a hermeneutic approach, complemented by a historical-philosophical investigation.

THE PROCESS OF ARGUMENTATION: First, poetry was examined as a component of the “philosophy of human affairs” and a vehicle for myths and the associated knowledge. Secondly, a reconstruction of the ancient conceptualisation of myth is presented. By analysing the attitudes of philosophers towards myth and its creators, it became possible to outline the significance of myth and its function in the development of political competence.

RESEARCH RESULTS: Proper interpretation and evaluation of Greek myths requires understanding the assumptions of the contemporary poetry. The essence of a myth was not fiction, but its ability to encapsulate the nuances of human action, to make the audience reflect on their behaviour, choices and relationships. Fiction was intended to abstract from concrete situations and to evoke emotions, thus having an individualising effect. Given these advantages, myth complemented the philosophical curriculum.

CONCLUSIONS, INNOVATIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS: The role of myths in political education requires reassessment, with greater recognition of their importance as elements influencing political life. Reflection on myth in its classical sense has the potential to enrich, among others, also the political and legal studies.