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The Momentous Conception of the Polish Nation in Tadeusz Kościuszko's Thougt
Abstract
RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: The aim of the analysis is to show the cutting-edge nature of Tadeusz Kościuszko’s conception of the Polish nation, with its three aspects differentiated to this purpose.
THE RESEARCH PROBLEM AND METHODS: Going beyond A. Walicki’s conclusions about the egalitarian nature of the nation, we will demonstrate that Kościuszko’s conception – what will be not incoherent with A. Grześkowiak-Krwawicz’ findings – the mobilizing and duties-based aspects of the Polishness. The analyzed characteristics of Kościuszko’s political thought will be found in his appeals and orders, correspondence and other writings (also those attributed to him), mainly from the times of the Kościuszko Insurrection.
THE PROCESS OF ARGUMENTATION: After the description of the egalitarian and inclusive concept of the Polish nation, the analysis deals with the geopolitical and missionary aspects. The lats section of the argumentation shows its further characteristics which are found in some sort of sacralization of the category of Polish nation.
RESEARCH RESULTS: The overview of Kościuszko’s statements, with its appeals to the sense of a mission, duty and sacrifice, reveals a potential for a more narrowing – in spite of its egalitarian assumptions – categorization of a national belonging.
CONCLUSIONS, INNOVATIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS: It will be suggested among others that a similar conjunction of both logics: the egalitarian and the republican (in the strong sense), could nevertheless lead to a very crucial paradox of inclusiveness and exclusivism.
Keywords
Kościuszko ; notion of the Polish nation ; republicanism ; national mission ; sacralization of the nation
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