Abstract

RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this article is to compare the key aspects and contexts surrounding the cults of the founders of independent Poland and Czechoslovakia.

THE RESEARCH PROBLEM AND METHODS: The main goal is to identify and highlight the key shared features of the cults of historical and political contexts. The primary research method involves analyzing relevant literature, documents, journalism, and literary and film works.

THE PROCESS OF ARGUMENTATION: The conditions the establishment of independent Poland and Czechoslovakia in 1918 and their further history. Following this, the main stages in the lives and activities of these statesmen are discussed and compared, leading to an analysis of the primary forms and expressions of their veneration and its transformations over time.

RESEARCH RESULTS: The biographies and personalities of these two national heroes are quite distinct, yet they reveal significant similarities when viewed within their unique historical and cultural contexts. They are typical representatives of their nations’ elites, fulfilling remarkably similar roles as leaders and icons of independence. The cult surrounding each figure was, and remains in essence, state-building, aimed at establishing and strengthening an independent state and uniting a society that had to rapidly develop and consolidate its identity. They succeeded in this endeavor, creating a lasting legacy that has been embraced and continues to inspire future generations.

CONCLUSIONS, INNOVATIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS: In comparing Poland and Czechoslovakia, it is essential to avoid stereotyping and generalization, as each case involves complex cultural and historical contexts that must be carefully considered. The state- and nation-building processes in Central Europe after 1918 should be seen as a great and fruitful effort. These efforts yielded lasting results and helped resist the totalitarian forces that later emerged in the former empires of Soviet Russia and Germany.