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The origins of the labour and socialist movement in the Netherlands in the 19th century
Abstract
RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: The aim of this article is to present the situation of the working class in the Netherlands in the 19th century, the first forms of organised labour and socialist activity and the development of the labour movement, taking into account the Dutch specificity of confessional trade unions and the socialist movement.
THE RESEARCH PROBLEM AND METHOD: It was hypothesised that, in the case of the Netherlands, the social pillars formed in the nineteenth century, characteristic of the country, and the influence of religion on political behaviour, were crucial to the formation of the labour movement and a fundamental barrier to the socialist movement. The methods used in the study were desk research and the method of analysing written sources.
THE PROCESS OF ARGUMENTATION: The first part presents the socio-economic situation in the Netherlands in the first half of the 19th century, The second part analyses the influence of the already unique, pre-capitalist forms of economy characteristic of the country at that time and the impact on the living standards of society. The third section outlines the importance that the ideological divisions already outlining at that time (pillarisation) had in Dutch society.
RESEARCH RESULTS: The analysis allows us to conclude that the belonging of the workers to the social pillars, i.e. to a group with selected religious and ideological views, was more important than the existing economic divisions or, using Marxist terminology, class divisions. It had a significant impact on the formation of the labour and socialist movement in the Netherlands.
CONCLUSIONS, INNOVATIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS: The issue is extremely important, despite being set in 19th century reality, it shows the importance of ideological and especially confessional divisions on the trade union movement, the issue of protection of workers’ rights.
Keywords
Netherlands ; labour movement ; social movement ; trade unions ; social pillars
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