Published : 2015-03-30

Suwerenność. W poszukiwaniu (problematycznych) źródeł koncepcji

Bogdan Szlachta



Section: Thematic Articles

Abstract

W poszukiwaniu źródeł suwerenności czerpiemy z refleksji XI wieku, by zbadać, czy w projekcie papieża Grzegorza VII spełnione są dwa konieczne warunki zaistnienia suwerenności wskazane przez Hinslaya w jego, klasycznym już, dziele dotyczącym tejże koncepcji. W tej średniowiecznej refleksji, jak wskazuje choćby Berman, odnaleźć można uzasadnienie dla panowania czy sprawowania rządów za pośrednictwem prawa, a nawet dla „rządów prawa”, a zatem związania władzy prawem; prawem, które gwarantowało jedność scentralizowanej struktury i pochodziło od władcy sprawującego swój urząd na mocy prawa i niezależnego od swoich poddanych. Po Grzegorzu VII hierarchiczny Kościół miał się stać suwerenną strukturą, odrębną od społeczeństwa świeckiego, z monopolem na stanowienie norm prawnych.

When searching for the sources of sovereignty derived from the reflections of the eleventh century, and to the conception of Pope St. Gregory VII, in an attempt to see whether the two conditions presented by Hinsley in his classical book on sovereignty exist. We see that in this medieval conception, presented by, for example, Berman, we can find the justification for power or authority by law and even the “rule of law,” for the restriction of power by the law; the law guaranteed unity of the centralized structure and was the source of legitimation for the ruler, who was independent of his subjects. After Gregory VII the hierarchical Church was a sovereign structure, distinct from secular society with a monopoly to constitute legal norms.



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